(Catalogue 


-OF" 


Foundry  and  icliino  Go 


(LIMITED), 


READING,  PA., 


1891. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 
Columbia  University  Libraries 


https://archive.org/details/mellertfoundrymaOOmell 


(LIMITED), 


MAN  UFACTURERS  OF 


niiiiniGis 


Sewers,  Culverts  and  Drains, 

EITHER  BELL  AND  SPIGOT  OR  FLANGE,  WITH 
CONNECTIONS  OR  SPECIAL  CASTINGS, 


FIRE  HYDRANTS,  STOP  VALVES,  LAMP  POSTS, 


CANADA  TURBINES,  &C.,  &C. 

General  Foundry  and  Machine  Work. 

READING,  PA., 


1891. 


Contents. 


PAGE 


History  and  Growth  of  the  Plant .  . . 

Cast-Iron  Pipe . . 

Water  and  Gas  Pipe . .• . 

Standard  Weight  of  Pipe  for  Gas  and  Water . 

American  Association  Proposed  Standard  for  Cast-Iron  Water  Pipe... 

Culvert  or  Drain  Pipe . . 

Sewer  Pipe .  . 

Thickness  and  Weight  of  Cast-Iron  Pipe  per  Foot,  exclusive  of 


3 

4 
4 


5 

6 
7 
7 


Bells . 8 

Thickness  of  Metal  and  Weight  of  Pipe  per  Length,  including  Bells, 

under  Heads  of  Water  from  50  to  500  feet . 9 

Flange  Pipe . 10 

Connections  or  Special  Castings . 11 

Water  Gates  or  Stop  Valves . 12 

Street  and  Service  Stop  Boxes . 13 

Fire  Hydrants . 14-17 

Lamp  Posts . 18 

Hitching  Posts .  19 

Structural  Work . 20 

Gearing .  21 

Canada  Turbine  Water  Wheel . . . . 22,  23 

Power,  Revolutions  per  Minute,  Cubic  Feet  of  Water  used  per 

Minute,  &c.. . . 24,  25 

General  Foundry  and  Machine  Work . 26 

Water  Works . 27 

Discharge  of  Water  in  Pipes . 28 

Items  of  Information...  . 29,  30 

Formula  to  Find  Required  Thickness  of  Metal  for  Cast-Iron  Pipe.... 31 
Areas  of  Circles . 32,  33 


History  and  Growth  of  the  Plant. 


The  works  of  the  Mellert  Foundry  and  Machine  Company,  Lim¬ 
ited,  were  established  by  John  Mellert  &  Sons  in  the  spring  of 
1848,  at  Second  and  Chestnut  Streets,  Reading,  Pa.  In  1851  they 
commenced  the  manufacture  of  cast-iron  pipe,  casting  them  hori¬ 
zontally  in  lengths  of  nine  feet,  thus  making  them  pioneers  in  this 
line  of  trade. 

The  plant  has  developed  from  a  small  beginning  into  an  ex¬ 
tensive  and  well-known  business  establishment. 

In  this  connection  we  would  add  that  the  Reading  Foundry 
Company,  Limited,  was  organized  in  the  fall  of  1884,  and  had 
completed  and  in  operation  by  July  1,  1887,  with  other  buildings, 
a  large  and  well-equipped  pipe  foundry,  located  at  Kissinger 
Station,  Reading,  Pa. 

The  business  of  these  two  companies  is  carried  on  separately, 
though  under  the  same  management. 

Board  of  Managers  of  Mellert  Foundry  and  Machine  Company, 
Limited  : 

P.  D.  Wanner,  Chairman,  Reading,  Pa. 

A.  H.  Mellert,  Manager  of  Works,  Reading,  Pa. 

R.  B.  Kinsey,  Secretary,  “  “ 

F.  A.  Knopp,  Treasurer,  “  “ 

William  J.  Rourke,.  “  “ 

Board  of  Managers  of  the  Reading  Foundry  Company,  Limited: 
P.  D.  Wanner,  Chairman,  Reading,  Pa. 

A.  H.  Mellert,  Manager  of  Works,  Reading,  Pa. 

R.  B.  Kinsey,  Secretary,  “  “ 

F.  A.  Knopp,  Treasurer,  “  “ 

John  Fox,  New  York. 


4 


Cast-Iron  Pipe. 


Bell  and  Spigot  for  Water,  Gas,  &c. 


We  cast  these  pipe  vertically  in  dry  sand  moulds,  in  twelve  feet 
lengths,  exclusive  of  bells,  from  three  to  forty-eight  inches  in 
diameter  and  of  the  thickness  of  metal,  and  weight  per  foot  or 
length,  including  bells,  for  such  use  or  pressure  as  maybe  required, 
as  set  forth  in  tabular  forms  on  pages  8  and  9. 

Th  ree  and  four  inch  pipe  we  cast  with  bells  up  ;  six,  eight,  ten, 
and  twelve  inch  with  bells  up  or  down  as  may  be  preferred  :  all 
above  twelve  inch  with  bells  down. 

On  this  subject  of  casting  pipe  with  bells  up  or  down  we  referred 
to  at  length  in  a  former  catalogue.  We  would  now  simply  add 
that  either  way  has  its  advantages  and  disadvantages,  and  that  we 
are  prepared  to  leave  the  choice,  so  far  as  it  applies  to  six,  eight, 
ten,  and  twelve  inch,  to  the  purchaser. 


Water  and  Gas  Pipe. 

These  pipe,  on  coming  from  the  Foundry,  are  thoroughly  cleaned 
and  examined,  after  which  those  intended  for  water  are  heated  and 
given  the  usual  bath  of  prepared  coal  tar  and  tested  under  hydraulic 
pressure,  with  hammer,  at  three  hundred  pounds  to  the  square  inch. 

Pipe  intended  for  gas  are  not  coated,  usually  of  a  lighter  weight, 
and  tested  at  two  hundred  pounds. 

In  the  absence  of  instructions  we  make  the  pipe,  whether  for  gas 


5 

or  for  water,  of  standard,  or  what  we  call  medium  weights,  as 
shown  in  the  following  table  with  other  information,  viz. : 


Standard  Weight  of  Pipe  for  Gas  and  Water  per  Foot 
and  per  Length,  including  Bells. 


For  Gas. 

ForWater 

; 

Length  of  Pipe 
over  All. 

. 

om  or 

pace. 

'-a 

c3 

M  CD 

Weight  of 

Lead  to  Socket. 

O 

to 

*<D 

£  . 

o> 

j^pH 

~  *3* 

■te  a? 

§.fc 

-2  o 

Diameter. 

lbs.  per  ft. 

lbs.  per 
length. 

S 

r/2 

S3 

lbs.  per 
length. 

's  § 

W 

Jh 

ST  o 

Joint  Ro 

Lead  S 

o 

o  o 

+-> 

CD 

« 

in. 

ft.  in. 

in. 

in. 

in. 

lbs. 

JS  m 
cu 

3 

11 

132 

12 

144 

12—4 

31 

5 

1  fi 

n 

31 

s  ^ 

o>  o 

4 

18 

216 

20 

240 

12—4 

31 

5 

1  6 

n 

5 

£  S 

6 

281 

342 

3  11 

378 

12—4 

4 

5 

1  fi 

2 

8 

•  —  <4-. 

P-  o 

8 

40 

480 

45 

540 

12—4 

4 

5 

1  6 

2 

10 

%-H  -*-> 

C  rp 

10 

55 

660 

60 

720 

12—4 

4 

5 

2 

12 

m.£P 

12 

70 

840 

80 

960 

12—4 

4 

5 

2 

15 

'  <d  fe 

14 

90 

1080 

100 

1200 

12—4 

4 

5 

1  6 

2 

18 

«+-.  -P 

16 

110 

1320 

125 

1500 

12—4 

4 

3 

8 

2  4 

22 

4-3 

18 

140 

1680 

150 

1800 

12—4 

4 

3 

8 

21 

25 

bcZ> 

20 

150 

1800 

170 

2040 

12—4 

4 

3 

~8 

21 

28 

g! 

24 

200 

2400 

225 

2700 

12—4 

4 

3 

8 

2t 

38 

Sol 

30 

290 

3480 

340 

4080 

12—4 

4 

7 

21 

55 

2 

36 

360 

4320 

420 

5040 

12—4 

4 

i 

21 

70 

40 

420 

5040 

500 

6000 

12—4 

5 

i 

21 

80 

<D 

48 

560 

6720 

670 

8040 

12—4 

5 

l 

21 

100 

H 

5  per  cent,  claimed  for  variation  from  3  to  24  inch,  and  3  per 
cent,  from  24  to  48  inch. 

The  weights  of  pipe  given  in  the  preceding  table  per  length 
are  as  light  as  we  would  recommend,  to  secure  good  and  effective 
service. 

We  know  it  to  be  a  great  mistake,  and  no  economy,  to  bury 
light  pipe,  either  for  gas  or  for  water.  Engineers  may  be  all  right 
theoretically  as  to  thickness  of  metal  required  under  certain  pres¬ 
sure,  but  practically,  we  think,  they  should  more  frequently  recom¬ 
mend  heavier  pipe  than  they  do. 

The  following  table,  styled  “American  Association  Standard,” 
was  recommended  to  and  accepted  by  the  American  Water  Works 
Association  at  Chicago,  May  20,  1890.  This  table  strikes  us  very 
favorably  and  is  in  accordance  with  our  views  on  the  subject  per¬ 
taining  to  weights,  &c.,  of  pipe. 


6 


American  Association  Standard 

Proposed  for  Cast-Iron  Water  Pipe. 


Size, 

Inches 

Diameter. 

Class. 

|  Outside  Diam¬ 

eter,  inches. 

Average  Thick¬ 

ness  of  Barrel, 
inches. 

r 

A 

3 .  ( 

B 

C 

A 

3.856 

.428 

f 

4 . { 

B 

C! 

4.904 

.452 

A 

6 . i 

B 

C 

7.000 

.500 

A 

8 . { 

B 

C 

9.094 

.547 

A 

'■ . { 

B 

c 

11.190 

.595 

A 

’* . { 

B 

C 

13.286 

.643 

r 

A 

ui . ! 

B 

C 

17.476 

.738 

A 

20' . { 

B 

C 

21.666 

.833 

A 

24 . 1 

B 

C 

25  856 

.928 

r 

A 

30 . j 

B 

C 

32.142 

1.071 

( 

A 

36 . j 

B 

C 

38.428 

1.214 

r 

A 

4^ 

CO 

B 

c 

51.000 

1.500 

Weight  per  Length, 
(12  FT.  4  IN.) 
including  Bell. 


2  c 

Sf)'“ 


o>  O 
£«8 

Average. 

Max. 

Min. 

14,000 

168 

178 

160 

15.580 

187 

196 

178 

17,170 

206 

216 

196 

19,170 

230 

243 

218 

21,330 

256 

267 

243 

23,500 

282 

296 

267 

31,330 

376 

397 

357 

34,830 

418 

439 

397 

38,330 

460 

483 

439 

44,750 

537 

567 

510 

49,750 

597 

627 

567 

54,750 

657 

690 

627 

60,570 

727 

768 

691 

67,330 

808 

848 

768 

74,080 

889 

933 

848 

78,250 

939 

991 

892 

86,920 

1,043, 

1,095 

991 

95,580 

1,147 

1,204 

1,095 

119,170 

1,430 

1,510 

1,359 

132,420 

1,589 

1,668 

1,510 

145,580 

1,747 

1,834 

1,668 

165,330 

1,984 

2,195 

1,885 

183,750 

2,205 

2,315 

2,195 

202,080 

2,425 

2,546 

2,315 

220,750 

2,649 

2,796 

2,517 

245,250 

2,943 

3,090 

2,796 

269,750 

3,237 

3,398 

3,090 

316,250 

3,795 

4,006 

3,605 

351,420 

4,217 

4,428 

4,006 

386,580 

4,639 

4,871 

4,428 

428,750 

5,145 

5,431 

4,888 

476,420 

5,717 

6,003 

5,431 

524,080 

6,289 

6,603 

6,003 

710,670 

8,528 

9,002 

8,102 

789,670 

9,476 

9,950 

9,002 

868,670 

10,424 

10,945 

9,950 

7 


Culvert  or  Drain  Pipe. 

Cast-iron  pipe  for  culvert  or  drain  purposes  came  into  use  only 
within  the  last  few  years,  but  have  already  attained  to  a  trade  of  very 
large  proportions  all  over  the  country,  supported  by  railroad  com¬ 
panies,  turnpike  companies,  and  street  commissioners.  They  are 
vastly  superior  to  stone  or  brick  culverts,  terra-cotta  pipe,  or 
wooden  trunks. 

We  would  further  recommend  their  use  to  supervisors  of  country 
roads  where  they  now  have  stone  culverts  or  wooden  bridges,  where 
pipe  would  make  a  better  job  and  prove  cheaper  after  the  first  cost. 

Formerly  we  broke  up  and  remelted  all  damaged  or  defective 
pipe  intended  for  gas  or  water,  where  we  now  generally  sell  them 
faster  than  we  get  them  for  the  uses  above  referred  to. 

Sewer  Pipe. 

We  have  for  some  years  advocated  the  superiority  of  cast-iron 
pipe  for  sewer  purposes  for  cities  over  brick  and  stone  or  terra- 
cotta.  The  first  cost  of  cast-iron  pipe  might  be  somewhat  higher, 
but  they  would  more  than  make  up  the  difference  by  the  absence 
of  repairs  incident  to  rain  storms  by  which  the  ordinary  sewers  are 
constantly  endangered  and  damaged. 

The  heavy  rains  in  1889  in  Philadelphia  cost  that  city  $55,000 
for  repairs,  where,  if  their  sewers  had  been  of  cast-iron,  there  would 
have  been  no  expense  from  that  source  whatever. 

A  prominent  engineer  remarked  to  us  recently  :  “  I  see  no  good 
reason  against  the  use  of  cast-iron  pipe  for  sewer  purposes,  and  be¬ 
lieve  their  adoption  will  be  almost  universal  before  many  years. 
Their  general  use  has  been  retarded  only  by  the  difference  in  cost 
and  the  belief  that  sewerage  would  rust  the  iron ;  but  with  cheap 
iron  and  the  numerous  coating  processes  to  prevent  rusting,  their 
general  adoption  must  follow.” 

Cast-iron  sewer  pipe  could  be  made  of  almost  any  size  if  made 
in  sections,  though  we  believe  that  few  sewers  would  require  larger 
pipe  than  48  inches  in  diameter. 

Pipe  sewers  can  be  flushed  more  readily  than  brick  or  stone,  and 
with  the  present  improved  drilling  machinery  could  be  easily 
tapped  at  any  point,  and  complete  connections  effected  by  the  use 
of  hat  flanges. 


Thickness  and  Weight  of  Cast-Iron  Pipe  per  Foot,  exclusive  of  Bells. 


8 


r£] 


oc 

X 

a 

z 

0 


io  m  o 


Z 

lbs. 

238.57 

263.371 

312.94 

387  30 

461.66! 

Sll^ 

610.40 

wfcs 

lbs. 

178.81 

202.37 

225.91 

249.46 

296.56 

367.20 

437.84 

484.95 

579.13 

C 

lbs. 

124.09 

146.40 

168.71 

191.02 

213.32 

235.63 

280.25 

347.18 

414.10 

458.72 

547.94 

IxV  in- 

lbs. 

116.54 

137.61 

158.68 

179.75 

200.81 

221.89 

264.02 

327.23 

390.44 

432.56 

516.86 

1  in. 

lbs. 

69.40 

89.23 

109.07 

128.89 

148.72 

168.56 

188.38 

208.21 

247.87 

307.36 

366.85 

406.52 

485.83 

.£ 

ic(o 

Ills. 

64.49 

83.08 

101.67 

120.25 

138.85 

157.44 

176.03 

194.62 

231.80 

287.57 

343.34 

380.52 

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Feet,  and  Weight  of  Pipe  per  Length,  including  Bells. 


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H-^r-OlNXI^tON 

O 

O 

■pnaiy  jo 

ssauspiqx 

C 

NC05XNl'rHONNXNO’^X 

-hooocoxxionnconcono 

■+05C0XNC0OTfX  —  XNCONX 
co  q  -f  q  q  q  q  q  n  t>-  oo  C5  o  r- 

•d 

2 

■qiSua'y 
aad  jqSia  \\ 

c/j 

a2 

N  CO  N  O  CO  05  05  O  CO  05  X  CO  05  H  O  l 

1h10NCOhi005100COhN 
m  N  X  lO  CO  X  •— 1  X  lO  05  *f  1C  X  - 

HrXrHrHCqCO-ltlOCC 

50  ft,  H 

mm  j° 

ssauqaiqx 

.2 

N005XdiH'-b(N  ;i  x  n  o  ii  x 

to  N  X  CO  -t  O  "1  co  K  1-0  -T  Cl  1 

WXr^C001XHlr^WH05lX 
XX11101010COCOCONXX05  0 

•HaxawviQ 

ed 

05^C0C0ON^OXO^C«©X 

Note. — Pressure  of  water  per  square  inch  is  21.65  fbs.  for  every  50  feet  head. 


10 


Flange  Pipe 


We  make  these  pipe  in  the  same  way  we  do  the  bell  and 
spigot,  and  have  adopted  the  following  table,  viz.  : 


Standard  Flange  Pipe,  Medium  Weights. 


”3 

C/2 

FLANGES. 

Diameter  of  Pipi 

Length  of  Pipe. 

Thickness  of  Mel 

~  <d 

3  rS  ~ 

a  A  be 

SH  j 

'S  s  ^ 

^  s 

o> 

CD 

W 

C/2 

C/2 

02 

Weight  of  Each. 

Diameter  from 
Centre  to  Centre 
of  Holes. 

Number  of 

Bolts. 

C/2 

<D 

S3 

S3 

in. 

ft. 

in. 

lbs. 

in. 

in. 

lbs. 

in. 

in. 

in. 

3 

12 

t 

160 

81 

7 

F 

10.52 

6f 

4 

1 

4 

12 

tV 

240 

9 

1 

11.82 

71 

4 

f 

« 

12 

1  5 

T2 

378 

12 

iiV 

21.03 

101 

6 

1 

8 

12 

1 

2 

540 

14 

11 

26.72 

12i 

6 

4 

10 

12 

9 

TF 

760 

16 

11 

30.73 

14 

8 

I 

12 

12 

f 

1000 

18 

n 

38.33 

16 

8 

3 

4 

14 

12 

t 

1200 

20 

u 

43.23 

181 

10 

3 

4 

10 

12 

1  1 
TF 

1500 

23 

li 

64.51 

2<>K- 

10 

3 

4 

18 

12 

3 

4 

1800 

25 

11 

75.83 

221 

12 

7 

F 

20 

12 

3 

4 

2050 

28 

11 

108.00 

251 

12 

7 

F 

24 

12 

i 

2700 

32 

It 

130.47 

291 

14 

f 

30 

12 

i 

4000 

40 

11 

223.08 

361 

20 

i 

30 

12 

5000 

46 

2 

275.62 

421 

24 

i 

40 

12 

i  i 

6000 

50 

21 

313.81 

461 

26 

i 

48 

12 

i  i 

8000 

58 

21 

378.20 

541 

30 

ii 

Connections  or  Special  Castings, 


11 


For  Bell  and  Spigot  or  Flange  Pipe,  such  as  Branches, 
Bends,  Curves,  Reducers,  Sleeves,  Plugs,  Caps,  &c.,  &c. 


Three  Way. 


Hat  Flange. 


Of  these  castings  we  usually  carry  a  large  assortment  in  stock, 
and  are  prepared  to  make  them  of  almost  every  conceivable  shape 
and  form  to  suit  the  peculiarity  of  the  connections  to  be  made  ;  all 
that  we  ask  of  purchasers  is  an  idea  or  sketch  of  what  they  require, 
and  we  can  usually  help  them  out  without  delay. 

We  also  manufacture  flexible  pipe-joints. 


12 


Size, 

Weight, 

Price. 

16  in . 

1300  Ib.s. 

$85  00 

IS  “  . 

1500  “ 

no  oo 

20  “ . 

1650  “ 

130  00 

24  ‘ . 

2300  “ 

190  00 

30  “ . 

3100  “ 

350  00 

30  “ . 

4100  “ 

660  00 

40  “ . 

4S  “ . 

per  cent. 

Water  Gates  or  Stop  Valves. 


Size. 

Weight. 

Price. 

2  in . 

50  lbs. 

$6  00 

3  “ . 

70  “ 

8  00 

4  “ . 

110  “ 

11  00 

6  “ . 

210  “ 

15  00 

S  “ . 

350  “ 

22  00 

10  “ . 

510  “ 

32  00 

12  “ . 

660  “ 

42  00 

14  “ . 

800  “ 

75  00 

Discount 


Special  price  for  valves  with  outside  screws  or  flanged  ends. 

These  valves  have  brass  seats  and  fittings,  square  threads  on  the 
opening  screws,  with  all  parts  interchangeable,  and  furnished  to 
open  either  to  the  right  or  left,  according  to  the  desire  of  the  pur¬ 
chaser.  We  guarantee  these  valves  to  be  equal  in  finish  and  ser¬ 
vice  to  any  others  in  the  market.  It  is  the  old  solid  wedge-valve, 
properly  and  carefully  constructed. 

We  manufacture  also  check  valves  of  above  sizes. 


Street  and  Service  Stop  Boxes. 


13 


No.  1.  No.  2. 


Of  these  boxes  we  make  quite  a  variety.  Every  stop  valve 
should  be  properly  secured  by  a  casing  of  some  kind.  We  believe 
that  cast-iron  boxes  or  casings,  such  as  we  make,  are  of  the  best 
and  cheapest  offered  to  the  trade. 

Cut  No.  1  represents  one  of  our  street  stop  boxes,  and  Cut  No.  2 
an  extension  service  stop  box,  lately  introduced  by  us  to  the  trade. 
It  is  cheap  and  exceedingly  well  adapted  to  its  purpose. 

We  do  not  believe  in  the  cheap  extension  boxes  for  street  stops 
now  so  extensively  offered  to  the  trade.  They  are  too  cheap  to  be 
of  good  service. 


14 


Fire  Hydrants 


Old  Style. 


No.  1,  with  one  2 2-inch  nozzle . $25  00 

2,  “  two  21  “  “  .  27  00 


3,  “  either  one  or  two  21-inch  noz¬ 
zles,  and  one  41-inch  nozzle  for 
steamer  connection. .  35  00 

D  iscount  per  cent. 

All  furnished  with  frost  casings. 

Nos.  1  and  2  require  a  4-inch  pipe  connection 
and  No.  3  a  6-inch. 


The  valves  of  these  hydrants  are  pear-shaped,  made  of  leather, 
and  have  brass  valve  seats  and  fittings,  square  threads  on  the  open¬ 
ing  screws,  and  furnished  to  open  either  to  the  right  or  left,  as 


desired. 


15 


Having  manufactured  hydrants  for  many  years,  we  thought  we 
had  a  hydrant  equal  to  the  best  in  the  market ;  but  it  did  not  com¬ 
bine  the  qualities  required  in  late  years — that  is,  efficiency  with  the 
ability  to  get  at  the  valve  or  seat  for  repairs  without  digging  up 
the  stand-pipe.  To  overcome  this  effectively  was  the  point  to  be 
attained. 

After  examining  and  comparing  all  the  principal  hydrants  man¬ 
ufactured,  with  our  own,  we  made  such  improvements  as  we 
thought  would  make  it  generally  acceptable,  and  had  a  patent  issued 
for  those  improvements  May  1,  1888,  which,  however,  did  not  fully 
satisfy  us,  and  we  kept  on  improving  until  we  had  what  we  now 
present  —  the  “  Mellert” — (see  next  page),  which  was  patented 
June  10,  1890. 

All  the  working  parts  of  this  hydrant  can  be  operated  with  an 
1  ordinary  twelve-inch  monkey-wrench,  and  the  valve  and  seat  lifted 
out  of  the  stand-pipe  with  perfect  ease  within  a  few  minutes. 

It  is  designed  to  give  ample  area  and  free  flow  of  water,  giving 
a  larger  percentage  of  pressure  and  volume  of  water  at  the  nozzles 
than  any  other  hydrant  in  the  trade.  The  drip  is  positive,  and 
operated  by  the  main  valve-stem  at  the  top  of  the  stand-pipe,  and 
drains  the  stand-pipe  completely. 

All  its  parts  ai’e  interchangeable. 

The  threads  being  at  the  top  of  the  stand-pipe,  can  be  readily 
inspected  and  kept  in  oil,  and  an  examination  of  the  valve  made 
without  shutting  off  the  water  in  the  main. 

The  cross-bar  and  thread  of  the  valve-stem  being  above,  prevent 
all  torsional  strain  upon  it,  making  the  valve  close  firmly,  and  en¬ 
abling  it  to  be  freely  opened  against  the  heaviest  pressure. 

The  valve-seat  is  of  solid  brass  and  the  valve  of  leather  (or  may 
be  of  rubber). 

The  seat  is  drawn  down  on  the  base  by  four  brass  nuts  at  the 
upper  end  of  the  rods  extending  from  the  base,  pressing  the  stiffen¬ 
ing  ring  down  upon  the  distance  pieces,  securing  it  as  if  it  were 
part  of  the  base,  leaving  the  stand-pipe  entirely  independent. 


“Mellert” 


Hydrant 


Patented  June  lO,  1890, 


17 


PRICES. 


No.  1, 

with 

one  2J  or  3  inch  nozzle, 

$29  00 

2, 

U 

two  2J  or  3  inch  nozzles, 

.  31  00 

3, 

U 

steamer  and  hose  connection  combined,  . 

32  00 

4, 

u 

two  hose  and  one  steamer  connections, 

.  39  00 

Nos.  1,  2,  and  3  are  made  for  4  or  6  inch  pipe  connection. 
No.  4,  for  6-inch  pipe  connection. 


Discount  per  cent. 


DIRECTIONS. 

For  Removing  Valve  and  Brass  Seat. 

Take  cap  from  top  of  stand-pipe  by  removing  the  half-inch 
bolts  in  flange  ;  placing  wrench  on  the  main  nut,  screw  the  cap  off, 
withdraw  the  drip-valve,  shut  off  the  water  in  main,  take  off  the 
brass  nuts  at  top  of  rods  extending  from  the  base,  remove  the  stiff¬ 
ening  ring  and  the  four  pieces  of  wrought-iron  tubing,  and  pull 
the  main  valve  and  seat  up  through  the  casing. 

In  ordering,  please  say  whether  hydrant  is  wanted  to  open  to 
right  or  left,  and  give  size  and  style  of  top  nut;  number  and  size 
of  nozzles,  and  whether  male  or  female ;  send  hose  coupling  or  one 
of  the  nozzle  caps. 

Unless  specific  directions  are  given,  we  will  furnish  our  standard 
hydrant. 


18 


Lamp  Posts. 


Price  $6.50.  Weight  260  ibs.  per  post. 

Discount  per  cent. 

Having  made  lamp  posts  almost  from  the  time  we  started  out  in 
the  foundry  business,  we  are  well  prepared  to  furnish  them  of 
different  styles,  and  upon  short  notice.  The  cut  here  represents  a 
post  of  our  last  and  neatest  pattern,  which  we  will  furnish  with 
either  bar  or  collar,  at  the  pleasure  of  the  buyer. 


19 


Hitching  Posts. 


Discount  per  cent. 


No.  3  of  these  posts  we  can  change  so  as  to  have  an  eagle  head 
or  a  pineapple  instead  of  a  horse  head,  according  to  the  taste  of  the 
buyer.  We  have  a  number  of  other  patterns.  Those  shown  in  the 
above  cuts,  however,  we  consider  onr  neatest.  We  sell  a  great 
many  of  these  posts,  and  think  that  no  house  or  home,  whether  in 
the  city  or  country,  is  complete  without  a  respectable  -  looking 
hitching  post. 


20 


Structural  Work. 


We  have  one  of  the  largest  assortments  of  patterns 
for  this  class  of  work  of  any  shop  or  foundry  in  this 
section.  AVe  make  a  large  variety  of  columns,  girders, 
jambs,  sills,  lintels,  plates,  caps,  brackets,  house  fronts, 
awnings,  railings,  &c.,  &c.  In  this  connection  we  would 
call  the  attention  of  builders,  and  the  public  generally, 
to  the  great  variety  of  uses  open  to  cast-iron  pipe,  where 
iron  columns  and  wooden  posts,  or  brick  and  stone  pil¬ 
lars,  have  been  used  heretofore,  as  in  the  construction 
of  barns  and  sheds;  for  the  support  of  girders  in  cellars 
of  churches,  houses,  factories,  &c.  ;  for  porches,  roofs, 
smoke-flues,  &c.  AVe  cut  these  pipe  to  any  length  re¬ 
quired  :  they  can  be  stood  with  bell  ends  on  flat  stones 
or  cast-iron  bottom  plates,  and  held  in  place  very  nicely 
by  a  top  plate  fastened  with  lag  screws  or  bolts.  These 
pipe  can  be  readily  drilled  for  the  purpose  of  hanging 
or  attaching  partitions  or  almost  anything  on  or  against  them. 
There  are  few  buildings  erected  in  these  days  for  any  purpose  in 
which  pipe  cannot  be  used  to  very  good  advantage.  They  are 
cheap,  durable,  handsome,  and  fire-proof. 


Gearing 


21 


Of  gearing  we  are  prepared  to  furnish  spur,  bevel,  mitre,  internal, 
segment,  and  worm  ;  spur  mortise,  bevel  mortise,  and  mitre  mor¬ 
tise.  Pulleys  of  all  sizes — split  and  solid,  shafting,  couplings  and 
hangers,  &c.  Gearing  for  rolling-mills,  furnaces,  forges,  grist¬ 
mills,  saw-mills,  &c.,  also  for  steam,  power,  and  hand  cranes,  for 
steam  or  power  shears,  &c.,  &e. 


22 


The  Canada  Turbine  Water  Wheel. 

Patented  by  Charles  Barber,  of  Meaford,  Canada. 


Fig.  1. 


The  Turbine  Wheel  affords  the  highest  percentage  of  water 
power.  There  is  difficulty,  however,  in  selecting  the  best  among 
the  great  variety  of  wheels  in  the  market,  where  each  is  claimed 
to  be  the  “  best  in  the  world,”  “  the  best  in  the  market,”  “  preferable 
to  all  others,”  “  the  best  in  existence,”  “  none  to  equal  it,”  &c.,  &c., 
advertised  extensively  in  fancy  and  costly  catalogues.  We  are  not 
disposed  to  say  anything  against  the  numerous  wheels  offered  to  the 
public ;  but  admit  that  thei’e  are  many  good  wheels,  and  that  most 
of  them  have  reached  the  highest  percentage  of  power  obtainable 
by  any  wheel  now  invented  or  likely  to  be  invented.  However, 


23 

every  wheel  has  its  advantages  and  disadvantages,  and  we  claim 
that  the  “  Canada’’  has  less  disadvantages  than  others,  while  fur¬ 
nishing  the  same  percentage  of  power.  All  we  ask  is  that  our 
wheel  be  properly  placed,  and  given  a  fair  trial.  And  where  the 
wheel  fails  to  do  what  we  promise,  we  will  remove  it  and  pay  all 
costs  incurred  in  placing  it,  upon  notice  after  trial. 


Fig.  2. 


Size  of  Wheel. 
12-inch  wheel 
16  “  “  . 

20  “  “  . 

24  “ 

30  “  “  . 

36  “  “  . 

42  “  “  . 

50  “  “  . 

60  “  “  . 


Price. 

Weight, 

...$135 

00 

269  lbs. 

...  145 

00 

435  “ 

..  165 

00 

720  “ 

..  190 

00 

1,015  “ 

...  230 

00 

1,588  “ 

...  295 

00 

2,138  “ 

..  345 

00 

3,040  “ 

..  425 

00 

4,050  “ 

..  620 

00 

6,500  “ 

Discount 


per  cent. 


24 


Table  showing  the  Power,  Revolutions  per  Minute,  and  Cubic 
Forty  Feet,  of  the  Canada  Turbine  Water  Wheel,  Manu- 


Head  in  Feet. 


• 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

12-inch  Wheel 

Horse-Power. 

.22 

.39 

.61 

1.02 

1.35 

1.69 

2.08 

2.47 

using  17  inches 

Revolutions. 

153 

188 

217 

241 

265 

286 

306 

324 

of  water. 

Cubic  Feet. 

69 

84 

97 

129 

142 

152 

162 

173 

16-inch  Wheel 

Horse-Power. 

.46 

.84 

1.36 

1.88, 

2.48 

3.12 

3.82 

4.53 

using  31  inches 

Revolutions. 

114 

140 

162 

180 

198 

215 

229 

243 

of  water. 

Cubic  Feet. 

147 

179 

215 

238| 

261 

282 

302 

318 

20-inch  Wheel 

Horse- Power. 

.69 

1.50 

2.05 

2.86 

3-.75 

4.71 

5.79 

6.72 

using  47  inches 

Revolutions. 

91 

112 

130 

144 

158 

171 

183 

194 

of  water. 

Cubic  Feet. 

222 

272 

324 

342 

396 

414 

458 

470 

24-ineh  Wheel 

Horse-Power. 

1.30 

1.92 

3.09 

4.29 

5.54 

7.08 

8.69i  10.14 

using  71  inches 

Revolutions. 

73 

90 

108 

121 

132 

144 

153  162 

of  water. 

Cubic  Feet. 

335 

410 

489 

543 

587 

641 

688 

713 

30-inch  Wheel 

Horse-Power. 

1.68 

2.94 

4.62 

6.42 

8.46 

10.75 

13.16 

15.45 

using  108  inches 

Revolutions. 

61 

73 

86 

96 

105 

114 

122  130 

of  water. 

Cubic  Feet. 

511 

624 

731 

813 

893 

971 

1042 

1087 

36-inch  Wheel 

Horse-Power. 

2.35 

4.33 

6.82 

9.34 

12.41 

15.58 

18.99  22.65 

using  159  inches 

Revolutions. 

51 

62 

72 

80 

88 

95 

102  108 

of  water. 

Cubic  Feet. 

752 

919 

1080 

1182 

1310 

1410 

1503  1596 

42-inch  Wheel 

Horse-Power. 

3.24 

5  94 

9.25 

12.84 

16.92 

21.25 

26.06;  30.90 

using  218  inches 

Revolutions. 

44 

54 

62 

67 

76 

82 

87 

92 

of  water. 

Cubic  Feet. 

1031 

1260 

1477 

1626 

1786 

1923 

2063;  21.87 

50-inch  Wheel 

Horse-Power. 

4.51 

8.13 

12.90 

17.51 

23.68 

29.77 

36.49  43  26 

using  304  inches 

Revolutions. 

38 

46 

52 

58 

63 

68 

73 

77 

of  water. 

Cubic  Feet. 

1438 

1758 

2043 

2218 

2500 

2694 

2901 

3045 

60-inch  Wheel 

Horse-Power. 

7.40 

13.57 

21.65 

30.03 

39.50 

49.60 

59.60 

70.78 

using  494  inches 

Revolutions. 

30 

37 

43 

49 

53 

57 

61 

65 

of  water. 

Cubic  Feet. 

2336 

2855 

3429 

3805! 

4171 

4368 

4748  4947 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

12-mch  Wheel 

Horse-Power. 

9.49 

10.12 

10.79 

11.51 

12.32 

12.89 

13.57 

14.22 

using  17  inches 

Revolutions. 

507 

518 

530 

541 

551 

562 

573 

583 

of  water. 

Cubic  Feet. 

273 

278 

284 

291 

300 

302 

306 

810 

16-inch  Wheel 

Horse-Power. 

17.39 

18.56 

19.77 

21.12 

22.41 

23.76 

25.36 

26.71 

using  31  inches 

Revolutions. 

380 

388 

397 

405 

413 

422 

431 

437 

of  water. 

Cubic  Feet. 

500 

510 

521 

536 

544 

557 

573 

583 

20-inch  Wheel 

Horse  Power. 

26.36 

27.96 

29.96 

32.00 

33.94 

35.80 

37.75 

39.45 

using  47  inches 

Revolutions. 

304 

311 

317 

324 

331 

337 

343 

349 

of  water. 

Cubic  Feet. 

759 

768 

790 

810 

826 

839 

853 

861 

24-inch  Wheel 

Horse-Power 

39.54 

42.17 

44.94 

47.98 

50.92 

53.70 

56.30 

59.24 

using  71  inches 

Revolutions. 

253 

259 

265 

270 

276 

281 

287 

292 

of  water. 

Cubic  Feet. 

1126 

1161 

1186 

1215 

1240 

1259 

1273 

1291 

30-inch  Wheel 

Horse-Power. 

59.31 

63.27 

67.40 

71.86 

76.28 

80.56 

85.07 

88.85 

using  108  inches 

Revolutions. 

203 

207 

212 

216 

221 

225 

229 

233 

of  water. 

Cubic  Feet. 

1708 

1742 

1779 

1821 

1858 

1889 

1924 

1940 

25 

Feet  of  Water  used  per  Minute,  under  Heads  of  from  Two  to 
factured  by  Mellert  Foundry  and  Machine  Co.,  Limited. 


Head  in  Feet. 


10 

11 

153 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

30 

31 

2.89 

3.29 

3.84 

4.31 

4.82 

5  35 

5.88 

6.44 

7.03 

7.67 

8.24 

8.78 

342 

360 

374 

392 

405 

419 

432 

446 

460 

473 

484 

495 

183 

195 

202 

210 

218 

225 

232 

239 

247 

259 

261 

264 

5.33 

6.21 

7.05 

7.93 

8.82 

9.80 

10.60 

11.81 

12.89 

14.06 

14  97 

16.10 

256 

270 

280 

293 

303 

314 

324 

335 

345 

354 

363 

371 

337 

357 

372 

386 

399 

413 

419 

438 

453 

468 

474 

485 

8.07 

9.42 

10.69 

1 2.1)1 

13.37 

14.85 

16.32 

17.90 

19.55 

21.30 

22.28 

24.41 

205 

216 

225 

234 

243 

251 

259 

267 

275 

283 

289 

297 

511 

542 

564 

585 

605 

626 

646 

665 

688 

709 

724 

736 

12.11 

14.05 

16.04 

18.04 

20.07 

22.28 

24.10 

26.85 

29.31 

31.69 

34.34 

36.62 

171 

180 

188 

196 

203 

209 

216 

223 

230 

236 

243 

248 

767 

809 

849 

879 

911 

941 

954 

998 

1031 

1056 

1087 

1104 

18.16 

21.20 

24.06 

27.02 

30.10 

33.43 

36.14 

40.02 

43.97 

47.94 

50.50 

55.18 

137 

143 

149 

156 

162 

167 

173 

178 

183 

189 

194 

198 

1150 

1221 

1270 

1316 

1360 

1400 

1431 

1488 

1547 

1598 

1631 

1664 

26.53 

31.09 

35.29 

39.63 

44.16 

48.93 

53.02 

59.08 

64.50 

70.31 

75.53 

114 

117 

125 

130 

135 

140 

144 

149 

153 

157 

161 

1689 

1790 

1863 

1931 

1998 

2066 

2099 

2197 

2270 

2343 

2392 

36.32 

42.40 

48.12 

54.05 

60.15 

66.85 

73.60 

80.71 

87.95 

95.81 

103.01 

98 

103 

107 

112 

117 

120 

123 

127 

131 

135 

138 

2301 

2442 

2540 

2633 

2721 

2823 

2914 

3002 

3095 

3194 

3263 

50.39 

59.37 

67.36 

75.67 

84.29 

93.60 

103.83 

112.80 

123.14 

134.23 

144.22 

81 

86 

90 

94 

97 

101 

104 

107 

110 

113 

116 

3192 

3419 

3556 

3687 

3814 

3953 

4111 

4196 

4333 

4474 

4568 

84.81 

98.37 

102.29 

126.30 

140.50 

155.97 

170.53 

187.00 

205.20 

221.85 

240.33 

68 

71 

75 

78 

81 

84 

87 

90 

92 

95 

.97 

5373 

5666 

5928 

6154 

6357 

6588 

6752 

6956 

7222 

7395 

7613 

30 

31 

33 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

14.87 

15.91 

16.90 

17.74 

18,55 

19,37 

20.21 

20.95 

21.93 

22.78 

23.67 

593 

603 

612 

621 

630 

639 

648 

657 

666 

675 

684 

314 

324 

334 

340 

345 

350 

355 

358 

365 

369 

374 

28.04 

29.38 

30.92 

32.52 

34.02 

35.52 

37.06 

38.64 

40.19 

41.79 

43.40 

444 

451 

459 

466 

472 

478 

486 

493 

499 

506 

513 

592 

600 

612 

624 

633 

641 

651 

661 

669 

678 

687 

41.31 

42.90 

45.76 

49.29 

51.55 

53.83 

56.16 

58.55 

60.30 

63.33 

65.76 

355 

362 

367 

373 

378 

383 

389 

394 

399 

405 

410 

872 

61.97 

297 

1307 

92.95 

238 

1963 

876 

906 

946 

960 

972 

986 

1002 

1015 

1028 

1041 

26 


General  Foundry  and  Machine  Work. 

We  are  prepared  to  do,  and  have  done  for  a  period  of  forty 
years,  a  great  deal  of  general  foundry  and  machine  work  not  speci¬ 
fied  in  this  catalogue.  We  are  well  fixed  to  undertake  almost 
anything  in  the  way  of  general  foundry  and  machine  work,  light 
or  heavy,  and  shall  always  be  pleased  to  furnish  information  and 
our  best  prices. 


Water  Works. 


27 


Twenty-five  or  thirty  years  ago  the  water  works  of  a  city  or  town 
were  looked  upon  more  as  a  luxury  than  a  necessity.  Their  growth 
in  this  country  and  elsewhere  within  the  last  ten  years  has  been 
marvelous,  and  no  city  or  town  of  any  importance  can  now  afford  to 
remain  without  water  works.  One  of  the  first  things  a  people  will 
do  upon  throwing  off  the  dead  garments  of  their  place,  in  which 
they  had  been  buried,  as  it  were,  they  will  look  about  for  a  public 
water  supply,  of  which  there  are  three  systems  in  vogue,  viz.  : 

1st.  Gravity. 

2d.  Pumping  and  Gravity. 

3d.  Direct.  (Pumping  directly  into  mains.) 

The  gravity  system,  where  the  conditions  are  favorable,  is  the 
most  desirable,  although  either  system  is  better  than  none.  Pump¬ 
ing  may  be  done  by  steam,  water  power,  or  electricity  :  the  latter 
power  will  undoubtedly  force  its  way  in  this  direction  as  it  already 
has  in  others. 

Where  people  are  about  to  build  water  works  we  would  suggest 
to  them  the  employment  of  a  competent  civil  engineer  as  a  matter 
of  economy  and  business  precaution. 

We  would  also  recommend  to  them  William  R.  Billings’  book 
on  “  Water  Works  Construction,”  and  J.  T.  Fanning’s  “Treatise 
on  Hydraulic  and  Water  Supply  Engineering.” 

Should  the  trade  favor  us,  we  shall  do  our  best  to  supply  it  with 
pipe,  fittings,  stop  valves,  fire  hydrants,  street  stop  and  service 
cock  boxes,  packing  and  lead  :  indeed,  with  everything  necessary 
in  the  building  of  complete  water  works,  whatever  the  system. 
What  we  do  not  make  ourselves  we  can  obtain. 

We  have  had  large  experience  in  furnishing  supplies  for  water 
works,  and  in  building  them,  and  shall  be  pleased  to  place  it  at 
the  service  of  our  patrons,  to  whom  we  are  thankful  for  past  favors 
and  hope  to  merit  a  continuance  of  the  same  for  the  future. 

Respectfully,  &c., 

Mellert  Foundry  \  N(ucliiiie  Gompany,  Limited. 


Reading,  Pa.,  January  1,  1891. 


28 


Discharge  of  Water  in  Pipes.  . 

To  compute  volume  discharged  when  length  of  pipe,  head  or  fall, 
and  diameter  are  given. 

Rule.  Divide  Tabular  Number  (see  table  below),  opposite  to  diam¬ 
eter  of  pipe,  by  square  root  of  rate  of  inclination,  and  quotient  will 
give  volume  required  in  cubic  feet  per  minute. 

Example.  A  pipe  has  a  diameter  of  36  inches,  and  a  length  of 
2025  feet ;  what  is. the  discharge  per  minute  under  a  head  of  9  feet? 

36725  ,36725  ~ 

Tab.  No.  for  36  ins.=36725  and  - - =  —  -  =2448.3  cubic  feet. 

J  202o  15 

(Tab.  No.  36725.  Divide  length  of  pipe — 2025 — by  head — 9=225; 
find  square  root  of  225=15,  by  which  divide  the  tabular  number,  and 
quotient  is  answer.) 


Tabular  Numbers 

For  any  length  and  head,  and  for  diameters  from  1  inch  to  10  feet. 
In  cubic  feet  per  minute. 


Dm. 

Tat)  No. 

Diam. 

Tat).  No. 

Dial. 

Tat).  No. 

Diam. 

Tat).  No, 

Diam. 

Tat).  No. 

ins. 

1 

4.71 

ft.  in 

9 

1147.6 

ft.  in 

1—11 

11983 

ft.  in. 

3—  1 

39329 

ft  in. 

4—9 

115854 

1.25 

8.48 

10 

1493.5 

2 

13328 

3—  2 

42040 

5 

131703 

1.5 

13.02 

11 

1894.9 

2—1 

14758 

3—  3 

44863 

5—3 

148791 

1.75 

19.15 

1 

2356 

2 _ 2 

16278 

3—  4 

47794 

5—6 

167139 

2 

26.69 

1—1 

2876.7 

2—3 

17889 

3—  5 

50835 

5—9 

186786 

2.5 

46.67 

1  -2 

3463.3 

2—4 

19592 

3—  6 

53995 

6 

207754 

3 

73.5  i 

1—3 

4115.9 

2—5 

21390 

3—  7 

57265 

6—6 

253781 

3.5 

108.14 

1—4 

4836.9 

2—6 

23282 

3—  8 

60648 

7 

305437 

4 

151.02 

1—5 

5628.5 

2—7 

25270 

3—  9 

64156 

7—6 

362935 

4.5 

194.84 

1—6 

6493.1 

2—8 

27358 

3—10 

67782 

8 

426481 

5 

263.87 

1—7 

7433 

2—9 

29547 

3—11 

71526 

8-6 

496275 

6 

416.54 

1—8 

8449 

2—10 

31834 

4 

75392 

9 

572508 

7 

612.32 

1—9 

9544 

2—11 

34228 

4—  3 

87730 

9—6 

655369 

8 

854.99 

1—10 

10722 

3 

36725 

4 —  6 

101207 

10 

745038 

This  table  is  applicable  to  sewers  and  drains  by  taking  same  propor¬ 
tion  of  tabular  numbers  that  area  of  cross-section  of  water  in  sewer  or 
drain  bears  to  whole  area  of  sewer  or  drain. 


Items  of  Information. 


RESERVOIRS,  CISTERNS,  TANKS,  &c.  (round);  to  find 

capacity  of : 

Multiply  the  square  of  the  mean  diameter  by  the  depth  ( all  %n  feet), 
and  this  product  by  5i  ;  the  result  will  lie  in  gallons — absolutely  correct. 

To  find  the  contents  in  barrels  :  Take  of  the  product.  For  greater 
accuracy,  diminish  answer  i  of  1  per  cent,  of  itself. 

Find  contents  in  barrels  of  a  round  cistern  20  feet  diameter,  10  feet 
deep  : 

20X20X10=4000  ;  ^  0f  4000=750  barrels. 

Find  capacity  in  gallons  of  a  stand-pipe  10  feet  diameter  and  100 
feet  high : 

10X10X100X51=58,750  gallons. 

To  find  the  capacity  of  a  square  reservoir,  cistern,  or  tank :  Multiply 
the  number  of  cubic,  feet  by  7$  (7.f8) ;  the  result  will  be  in  gallons. 

To  find  the  contents  in  barrels:  Multiply  the  cubic  feet  by  .2375. 

Barrels.  To  find  the  contents  of  a  barrel  or  cask  :  Multiply  the  square 
of  the  mean  diameter  by  the  depth  (all  in  inches)  and  multiply  the 
product  by  .0034. 

Find  the  contents  of  a  barrel  whose  mean  diameter  is  20  inches, 
depth  32  inches : 

20 X 20 X 32 X- 0034=43.52  or  43*  gallons. 

To  compute  pressure  of  water  per  square  inch  : 

Rule  1.  Multiply  the  fall  or  head,  in  feet,  by  weight  of  a  cubic  foot 
of  water  (62.355  Tbs. ) ,  and  divide  product  by  144 ;  quotient  will  give 
weight  or  pressure  per  square  inch. 

Note. — When  fall  is  given  in  inches,  omit  division  by  144. 

Rule  2.  Multiply  the  fall  or  head,  in  feet,  by  .433  (pressure  per 
square  inch  for  1  foot.  viz. :  weight  of  one  cubic  foot  of  water  62.355 
lbs.,  divided  by  144  square  inches  equals  .433). 


Weight  of  one  cubic  foot  of  water . 62.355  lbs. 

Weight  of  one  gallon  of  water .  8.336  lbs. 


One  cubic  foot  of  water  contains  7.48  gallons. 
One  barrel  of  water  contains  31.5  gallons. 


30 


Items  of  Information.— {Continued.) 


To  ascertain  the  weight  of  cast-iron  pipe  of  given  diameter  and 
thickness  of  metal,  refer  to  table  “Areas  of  Circles,”  pages  32-34 ; 
find  area  of  outside  diameter,  from  which  deduct  area  of  inside  diam¬ 
eter,  and  result  will  be  cubic  inches  of  iron  for  1  inch  length  of  pipe ; 
multiply  this  by  total  length  in  inches  of  pipe  and  again  by  .263  (weight 
of  1  cubic  inch). 

Example.  What  is  weight  of  a  20-inch  cast-iron  pipe,  12  feet  long, 
f-inch  metal  ? 

Area  of  21  i  inches  (outside  diameter),  363.051— area  for  20  inches 
(inside  diameter),  314.16=48.891  X 144  inches  X  -263  lb.  Ans.,  1852  lbs. 

For  flange  pipe  the  flanges  must  be  calculated  same  way  and  added. 

For  bell  and  spigot  pipe  add  weight  of  1  foot  of  pipe  as  an  equiva¬ 
lent  for  the  bell. 


Weight  of  Metals. 


1  cubic  inch  of  zinc  . weighs  .26  of  a 

1  “  “  “  cast-iron .  “  .263 

1  “  “  “  wrought-iron .  “  .281 

1  “  “  “  steel .  “  .283 

1  “  “  “  brass .  “  .3037 

1  “  “  “  copper .  “  .3225 

1  “  “  “  lead .  “  .4103 


pound. 


To  Extract  Square  Root. 

Rule.  Point  off  given  number  into  periods  of  two  figures  each,  be¬ 
ginning  with  units.  Ascertain  greatest  square  in  left-hand  period,  and 
place  its  root  in  quotient ;  subtract  square  number  from  this  period, 
and  to  remainder  bring  down  next  period  for  a  dividend. 

Dt  juble  this  root  for  a  trial  divisor ;  find  how  often  it  is  contained 
in  dividend,  exclusive  of  right-hand  figure ;  write  the  quotient  as  the 
next  figure  .of  the  root,  and  also  place  it  on  the  right  of  the  trial  divisor, 
to  form  a  complete  divisor.  Multiply  the  complete  divisor  by  the  root 
figure  last  found,  subtract  the  product  from  the  dividend,  and  bring 
down  next  period,  and  proceed  as  before. 

Note.  Mixed  decimals  must  be  pointed  off  both  ways  from  units. 

Three  examples.  What  are  square  roots  of  42025,  86,  and  27.5? 


42025(205  Ans. 
4 

405)  2025 
2025 


86(9.27  ~p  Ans. 

81 

182)  500 
864 

1847)18000 

12929 


27.50(5.24  -j-A  ns. 
25 

102)  250 
204 


1044)  4600 
4176 


671 


424 


31 


To  Find  Required  Thickness  of  Metal  for  Cast-Iron  Pipe. 


To  find  required  thickness  of  metal  for  cast-iron  pipe  under  given 
head  or  fall  of  water,  the  following  empirical  rule  is  given  : 


f  n/D 

l  10 


+  .15 


,  f  HxD 
25000 


I) — Diameter  in  inches. 

H — Head  or  fall  of  water  in  feet. 

Example.  What  thickness  of  metal  is  required  for  a  30-inch  pipe 
under  a  head  or  fall  of  300  feet? 

First.  Square  root  of  diameter  (30  inches)  is  5.4772  (see  table 
below,)  -T-  10  f  .15^.69772. 

Next.  300  x  30-^25000=0.36. 

Add  both  results  together  and  answer  is  1.05772  inches. 


SQUARE  ROOTS,  1  TO  60. 


No. 

Root. 

No. 

Root. 

No. 

Root. 

No. 

Root. 

1 

1 

16 

4 

31 

5.567764 

46 

6.78233 

2 

1.414214 

17 

4.123106 

32 

5.656854 

47 

6.855655 

3 

1.732051 

18 

4.242641 

33 

5.744563 

48 

6.928203 

4 

2 

19 

4.358599 

34 

5.830952 

49 

7 

5 

2.236068 

20 

4.472136 

35 

5.916080 

50 

7.071068 

6 

2.449490 

21 

4.582576 

36 

6 

51 

7.141428 

7 

2.645751 

22 

4.690416 

37 

6.082763 

52 

7  211103 

8 

2.828427 

23 

4.795832 

38 

6.164414 

53 

7.280110 

9 

3 

24 

4.898980 

39 

6.244998 

54 

7.348469 

10 

3.162278 

25 

5 

40 

6.324555 

55 

7.416199 

11 

3.316625 

26 

5.099020 

41 

6.403124 

56 

7.483315 

12 

3.464102 

27 

5.196152 

42 

6.480741 

57 

7.549834 

13 

3.605551 

28 

5.291503 

43 

6.557439 

58 

7.615773 

14 

3.741657 

29 

5.385165 

44 

6.633250 

59 

7.681146 

15 

3.872983 

30 

5.477226 

45 

6.708204 

60 

7.745967 

32 


Areas  of  Circles. 


Diam. 

Area. 

in. 

3 

7.0686 

1 

Tg 

7.3662 

i 

7.6699 

3 

TZ 

7.9798 

i 

8.2958 

5 

T  Z 

8.618 

3 

Z 

8.9462 

TZ 

9.2807 

i 

9.6211 

9 

T  Z 

9.968 

I 

10.3206 

1  1 
TIT 

10.679 

2 

4 

11.0447 

1  3 

11.416 

g 

11.7933 

4-4 

i  g 

12.177 

4 

12.5664 

1 

TZ 

12.962 

i 

13.3641 

TZ 

13.772 

1 

4 

14.1863 

14.606 

3 

8 

15.033 

TZ 

15.465 

1 

2 

15.9043 

J9g 

16.349 

1 

16.8002 

1 1 
Tg 

17.257 

3. 

4 

17.7206 

1  3 
TZ 

18.19 

i 

18.6655 

1  5 
16 

19.147 

s 

19.635 

tV 

20.129 

i 

20.629 

3 

21.135 

i 

21.6476 

22.166 

3 

8 

22.6907 

23.221 

1 

5" 

23.7583 

i9g 

24.301 

1 

24.8505 

1 1 

Tg 

25.406 

3. 

4 

it 

25.9673 

26.535 

27.1086 

15 

27.688 

6 

28.2744 

i 

29.4648 

i 

30.6797 

3 

g 

31.9191 

i 

33.1831 

34.4717 

3. 

4 

35.7848 

7 

g 

37.1224 

Diam. 

Area. 

in. 

7 

38.4846 

i 

39.8713 

1 

4 

41.2826 

$ 

42.7184 

i 

44.1787 

i 

45.6636 

t 

47.1731 

8" 

48.7071 

8 

50.2656 

i 

51.8487 

1 

4 

53.4563 

3 

Z 

55.0884 

2 

56.7451 

g 

58.4264 

2 

4 

60.1322 

g 

61.8625 

9 

63.6174 

i 

65.3968 

67.2008 

3 

g 

69.0293 

2 

70.8823 

t 

72  7599 

ii 

4 

74.6621 

g 

76.5888 

io 

78.54 

4 

80.5158 

1 

4 

82.5161 

S 

8 

84.5409 

2 

86.5903 

t 

88.6643 

3 

90.7628 

7 

92.8858 

11 

95.0334 

4 

97.2055 

1 

4 

99.4022 

3 

8 

101.6234 

1 

103.8691 

106.1394 

3l 

4 

108.4343 

110.7537 

12 

113.098 

4 

115.466 

i 

117.859 

3_ 

z 

120.277 

4 

122.719 

1 

125.185 

3. 

4 

127.677 

7 

g- 

130.192 

18 

132.733 

4 

135.297 

1 

4 

137.887 

3 

8 

140.501 

2 

143.139 

1 

145.802 

3. 

4 

148.49 

7 

g- 

151.202 

Diam. 

Area. 

in. 

14 

153.938 

i 

156.7 

i 

159.485 

z 

162.296 

i 

165.13 

t 

167.99 

3. 

4 

170.874 

7 

z 

173.782 

15 

176.715 

179.673 

i 

182.655 

z 

185.661 

1 

188.692 

■& 

191.748 

3. 

194  828 

8 

197.933 

16 

201.062 

1 

8 

204.216 

i 

207.395 

t 

210  598 

5 

213.825 

5 

Z 

217.077 

3. 

4 

220.354 

g' 

223.655 

17 

226.981 

i 

230.331 

JL 

233.706 

3 

g 

237.105 

1 

% 

240.529 

1 

243.977 

3. 

247.45 

g 

250.948 

18 

254.47 

258.016 

1 

4 

261.587 

3 

265.183 

1 

268.803 

5 

272.448 

3. 

276.117 

g 

279.811 

19 

283.529 

287.272 

1 

4 

291.04 

3 

8 

294.832 

1 

298.648 

g 

302.489 

3. 

4 

306.355 

310.245 

20 

314.16 

i 

318.099 

i 

322.063 

3 

8 

326.051 

g 

330.064 

t 

334.102 

3. 

4 

338.164 

7 

g 

342.25 

Diam. 

Area. 

in. 

21 

346.361 

i 

350.497 

i 

354.657 

t 

358.842 

1 

£ 

363.051 

| 

367.285 

2. 

4 

371  543 

g 

375.826 

22 

380.134 

4 

384.466 

i 

388.822 

3 

8 

393.203 

i 

397.609 

i 

402.038 

2 

4 

406  494 

g 

410.973 

23 

415.477 

i 

420.004 

4 

424.558 

3 

g 

429.135 

1 

433  737 

| 

438.364 

2 

4 

443.015 

g 

447.69 

24 

452.39 

4 

457.115 

1 

4 

461.864 

3 

g 

466.638 

1 

471.436 

476.259 

i 

481.107 

485.979 

25 

490.875 

i 

495.796 

i 

500.742 

2 

8 

505.712 

1 

510.706 

t 

515.726 

3. 

4 

520.769 

7 

g 

525.838 

26 

530.93 

4 

536.048 

1 

4 

541.19 

3 

546.356 

1 

551.547 

1 

556.763 

3. 

562.003 

g 

567.267 

27 

572.557 

4 

577.87 

4 

583.209 

2 

8 

588.571 

g 

593.959 

4 

599.371 

3. 

4 

604  807 

4 

610.268 

Areas  of  Circles. 


33 


Diam. 

Area. 

I>iam. 

Area. 

Diam. 

Area. 

Diam. 

Area. 

in. 

in. 

in. 

in. 

28 

615.754 

35 

962.115 

42 

13S5.45 

49 

1885.75 

i 

621.264 

i 

969. 

1 

8 

1393.7 

l 

1895.38 

1 

626.798 

i 

975.909 

1 

A 

1401.99 

} 

1905  04 

3. 

¥ 

1 

¥ 

632.357 

i 

982.842 

i 

1410.3 

i 

1914.72 

637.941 

i 

989.8 

1418.63 

} 

2 

1924.43 

5. 

643.549 

f 

996.783 

I 

1426.99 

1 

1934.16 

2l 

649.182 

t 

1003.79 

1435.37 

a 

1943.91 

7 

654.84 

i 

1010.822 

¥ 

1443.77 

7 

¥ 

1953.69 

29 

660.521 

36 

1017.878 

43 

1452.2 

50 

1963.5 

* 

666.228 

i 

1024.96 

i 

1460.66 

i 

1973.33 

1 

4 

671.959 

i 

A 

1032.065 

1469.14 

J 

1 

i 

1983.18 

3 

¥ 

677  714 

3. 

"8 

1039.195 

t 

1477.64 

1993.06 

1 

¥ 

683.494 

1 

2 

1046.349 

i 

1486.17 

j 

2 

2002.97 

1 

689.299 

1 

1053.528 

1 

1494.73 

1 

2012.89 

a 

4 

695.128 

a. 

4 

1060.732 

a 

1503.3 

a 

4 

2022.85 

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700.982 

7 

¥ 

1067.96 

¥ 

1511.91 

¥ 

2032.82 

30 

706.86 

37 

1075.213 

44 

1520.53 

51 

2042.83 

4 

712.763 

1082.49 

i 

1529.19 

i 

2052.85 

1 

4 

718.69 

1089.792 

I 

4 

1537.86 

i 

2062.9 

1 

724.642 

¥ 

1097.118 

a 

1546.56 

a 

2072.98 

i 

730.618 

2 

1104.469 

l 

■  2 

1555.29 

2 

2083.08 

1 

736.619 

1111.844 

1564.04 

t 

2093.2 

t 

742.645 

I 

1119.244 

a. 

1572.81 

i 

2103.35 

7 

'8' 

748.695 

7 

¥ 

1126.669 

1581.61 

7 

¥ 

2113.52 

31 

754.769 

38 

1134.118 

45 

1590.43 

52 

2123.72 

i 

760.869 

1141  591 

i 

1599.28 

i 

2133.94 

1 

766.992 

1 

4 

1149.089 

1 

4 

1608.16 

2144.19 

3 

8 

773.14 

3 

8 

1156.612 

a 

1617.05 

¥ 

2154.46 

4 

779.313 

1 

1164.159 

X 

1625.97 

i 

2164.76 

1 

785.51 

| 

1171.731 

1634.92 

f 

2175.08 

a. 

4 

791.732 

a. 

4 

1179.327 

a 

4 

1643.89 

a 

2185.42 

7 

8 

797.979 

7 

¥ 

1186.948 

1652.89 

¥ 

2195.79 

32 

804.25 

39 

1194.593 

46 

1661.91 

53 

2206.19 

4 

810.545 

1202.263 

i 

1670.95 

i 

2216.61 

4 

816.865 

i 

1209.958 

JL 

4 

1680.02 

i 

2227.05 

3. 

¥ 

823.21 

4 

1217.677 

1 

1689.11 

I 

2237.52: 

4 

829.579 

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1225.42 

1 

2 

1698.23 

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2248.01 

1 

835.972 

5 

¥ 

1233.188 

i 

1707.37 

I 

2258.5a 

a. 

4 

842.391 

a. 

4 

1240.981 

a 

4 

1716.54 

a 

2269.07 

i 

848.833 

¥ 

1248.798 

1725.73 

7 

¥ 

2279.64 

33 

855.301 

40 

1256.64 

47 

1734.95 

54 

2290.23 

4 

861.792 

i 

1264.506 

i 

1744.19 

2300.84 

i 

868.309 

X 

4 

1272.397 

1 

4 

1753.45 

i 

2311.48 

3 

¥ 

874  85 

3 

¥ 

1280.312 

1  i 

1762.74 

3 

s 

2322.15 

1 

881.415 

1 

2 

1288.252 

1 

1772.06 

i 

2332.83 

1 

888.005 

4 

8 

1296.217 

1781.4 

f 

2343.55 

I 

4 

894.62 

a. 

4 

1304.206 

a 

1790.76 

a 

2354.29 

7 

8 

901.259 

7 

¥ 

1312.219 

1800.15 

7 

2365.05 

34 

907.922 

41 

1320.257 

48 

1809.56 

55 

2375.83 

4 

914.611 

i 

1328.32 

8 

1819. 

i 

2386.65 

4 

921.323 

i 

1336.407 

i 

1828.46 

i 

2397.48 

3 

¥ 

928.061 

3 

8 

1344.519 

1 

1837.95 

3 

2408.34 

2 

934.822 

1 

2" 

1352.655 

JL 

1847.46 

i 

2419.23 

1 

941.609 

1 

1360.816 

1 

1856.99 

2430.14 

a. 

4 

948.42 

i 

1369.001 

f 

1866.55 

a 

2441.07 

7 

If 

955.255 

7 

¥ 

1377.211 

7 

¥ 

1876.14 

7 

¥ 

2452.03 

34 


Areas  of  Circles. 


Diam. 

Area. 

Diam. 

Area. 

Diam. 

Area. 

Diam. 

Area. 

in. 

in. 

in. 

in. 

56 

2463.01 

63 

3117.25 

70 

3848.46 

77 

4656.64 

i 

2474.02 

i 

3129.64 

i 

3862.22 

i 

4671.77 

X 

4 

2485.05 

i 

3142.04 

i 

3876. 

1 

4 

4686.92 

t 

2496.11 

¥ 

3154.47 

A 

8 

3889.8 

1 

4702.1 

i 

2507.19 

i 

3166.93 

2 

3903.63 

i 

4717.31 

1 

2518.3 

i 

3179.41 

i 

3917.49 

1 

4732,54 

3. 

4 

2529.43 

a 

4 

3191.91 

t 

3931,37 

a 

4 

4747.79 

7 

"S' 

2540  58 

¥ 

3204.44 

7 

¥ 

3945.27 

¥ 

4763.07 

57 

2551.76 

64 

3217. 

71 

3959.2 

78 

4778.37 

i 

2562.97 

i 

3229.58 

l 

3973.15 

i 

4793.7 

* 

2574.2 

X 

4 

3242.18 

1 

3987.13 

* 

4809.05 

t 

2585.45  j 

A 

¥ 

3254.81 

¥ 

4001.13 

¥ 

4824  43 

i 

2596.73 

1 

£ 

3267.46 

4 

4015.16 

l 

v 

4839.83 

I 

2608.03 

i 

3280.14 

4029.21 

1 

4855.26 

4 

2619.36 

a 

4 

3292.84 

a 

4 

4043.29 

a 

4 

4870.71 

;s 

2630.71 

¥ 

3305.56 

¥ 

4057.39 

¥ 

4886.18 

58 

2642.09 

66 

3318.31 

72 

4071.51 

79 

4901.68 

i 

2653.49 

i 

3331.09 

i 

4085.66 

i 

4917.21 

i 

2664.91 

X 

4 

3343.89 

J- 

4099.84 

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4932.75 

1 

2676.36 

3 

¥ 

3356.71 

3 

¥ 

4114.04 

3 

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4948.33 

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2687.84  j 

i 

3369.56 

l 

j 

4128.26 

4963.92 

1 

2699.33 

i 

3382.44 

4142.51 

| 

4979.55 

3. 

4 

2710.86 

a. 

4 

3395.33 

a 

4 

4156.78 

a 

4 

4995.19 

7 

¥ 

2722.41 

¥ 

3408.26 

4171.08 

¥ 

501086 

59 

2733  98 

66 

3421.2 

73 

4185.4 

80 

5026.56 

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2745.57 

i 

3434.17 

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4199.74 

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5042  28 

i 

2757.02 

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4 

3447.17 

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4214.11 

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5058.03 

3 

¥ 

2768.84 

3 

8 

3460.19 

3 

8 

4228.51 

¥ 

5073.79 

2780.51 

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4 

4242.93 

l 

5089.59 

1 

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h. 

8 

3486.3 

1 

4257.37 

i 

5105.41 

3. 

2803.93 

a. 

4 

3499.4 

a 

4271.84 

a 

4 

5121  25 

7 

¥ 

2815.67 

¥ 

3512.52 

4286.33 

¥ 

5137.12 

60 

2827.44 

67 

3525.66 

74 

4300.85 

81 

5153.01 

i 

2839.23 

i 

3538.83 

i 

4315,39 

1 

5168.93 

1 

2851.05 

i 

3552.02 

X 

4 

4329.96 

i 

5184.87 

1 

2862.89 

¥ 

3565.24 

£ 

8 

4344.55 

3 

8 

5200.83 

i 

2874.76 

i 

3578.48 

J 

4359.17 

1 

5216  82 

1 

2886.65 

1- 

3591.74 

4373.81 

5232  84 

3. 

4 

2898.57 

a. 

4 

3605.04 

£ 

4388.47 

a 

4 

5248,88 

7 

¥ 

2910.51 

¥ 

3618.35 

¥ 

4403.16 

¥ 

5264.94 

61 

2922.47 

68 

3631.69 

7S 

4417.87 

82 

5281.03 

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3645.05 

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4432.61 

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5297.14 

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4 

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4 

3658.44 

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4 

4447.38 

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4 

5313.28 

1 

2958,52 

3 

¥ 

3671.86 

3. 

4462.16 

3_ 

5329  44 

i 

2970.58 

i 

3685.29 

1 

4476.98 

1 

2" 

5345.63 

1 

2982.67 

i 

3698.76 

1 

4491.81 

i 

5361.84 

3. 

2994.78 

a 

4 

3712.24 

a 

4506.67 

a 

5378  08 

3006.92 

7 

¥ 

3725.75 

7 

¥ 

4521.56 

7 

¥ 

5394  34 

62 

3019.08 

69 

3739.29 

76 

4536.47 

83 

5410.62 

i 

3031.26 

4 

3752.85 

i 

4551.41 

i 

5426.93 

i 

3043  47 

i 

3766.43 

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|  4566.36 

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5443.26 

1 

3055.71 

1 

3780.04 

1 

4581.35 

3 

1  ¥ 

5459.62 

i 

3067.97 

l 

5 

3793.68 

¥ 

4596.36 

$ 

5476.01 

1 

3080.25 

3807.34 

1 

4611  39 

1 

5492.41 

f 

3092.56 

a 

4 

3821.02 

a 

4626.45 

a 

5508  84 

7 

¥ 

3104.89  | 

7 

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3834.73 

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